Jagorar Ƙarshe don Keɓance Tsarin Kyamara

A duniyar zamani, kyamarorin dijital sun zama ruwan dare gama gari da sabbin fasahohi a farashi mafi ƙanƙanta. Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke haifar da gabatar da sabbin fasahohi shine na'urorin auna hotuna na CMOS. Na'urar kyamarar CMOS ta kasance mai rahusa don kera ta idan aka kwatanta da wasu. Tare da sabbin fasaloli da aka gabatar a cikin kyamarorin zamani tare da na'urorin aunawa na Cmos, ɗaukar hotuna masu haske ya bayyana.Babban kamfanin kera na'urar daukar hotoAn yi ta zuwa da kyamarar da aka saka tare da ƙarin aiki da kuma saurin ɗaukar hotuna. Na'urorin firikwensin CMOS suna tabbatar da karanta kewaye da fasalin ɗaukar hotuna. Tsarin pixel a wannan zamani ya canza sosai kuma ya taimaka wajen ɗaukar hotunan a cikin kyakkyawan inganci. Na'urorin firikwensin hoto na ƙarfe-oxide-semiconductor masu ƙarin suna canza haske zuwa electrons, don haka a cikin na'urori na zamani, an gabatar da tsarin kyamarar USB don fasalulluka masu kyau.

Menene Tsarin Kyamara?

Tsarin Kyamara ko Tsarin Kyamara Mai Ƙarami wani firikwensin hoto ne mai inganci wanda aka haɗa shi da Sashen Kula da Kayan Lantarki, ruwan tabarau, na'urar sarrafa siginar dijital, da kuma Haɗin gwiwa kamar USB ko CSI. An yi amfani da Tsarin Kyamara sosai a cikin aikace-aikace daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa da:

• Binciken Masana'antu
• Zirga-zirga & Tsaro
• Dillali & Kuɗi
• Gida & Nishaɗi
• Lafiya & Abinci Mai Gina Jiki

Tare da haɓaka fasahar zamani da kayan aikin intanet, saurin hanyar sadarwa ya inganta sosai tare da gabatar da sabbin na'urorin daukar hoto. An yi amfani da Module na Kyamara sosai a cikin Wayar Salula, Kwamfuta, Kwamfuta, Robots, Jiragen Sama marasa matuƙa, Na'urar Lafiya, Na'urar Lantarki, da sauransu da yawa. Ci gaban da aka samu a fasahar daukar hoto ya share fagen gabatar da Megapixels 5, Megapixels 8, Megapixels 13, Megapixels 20, Megapixels 24 da sauransu.

Module ɗin kyamara ya ƙunshi waɗannan abubuwan kamar

• Na'urar firikwensin hoto
• Ruwan tabarau
• Sarrafa Siginar Dijital
• Matatar Infrared
• Da'irar da aka buga mai sassauƙa ko allon da'ira da aka buga
• Mai haɗawa

Gilashin tabarau:

Muhimmin ɓangaren kowace kyamara shine ruwan tabarau kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ingancin hasken da ke faruwa akan firikwensin hoto, don haka yana yanke shawarar ingancin hoton fitarwa. Zaɓar ruwan tabarau mai dacewa don aikace-aikacenku kimiyya ce, kuma a taƙaice, ya fi na gani. Akwai sigogi da yawa daga hangen nesa da za a yi la'akari da su don zaɓar ruwan tabarau don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen, waɗanda ke tasiri ga zaɓin ruwan tabarau, kamar abun da ke cikin ruwan tabarau, gina ruwan tabarau ko filastik ko gilashi, tsawon mai da hankali mai tasiri, F. No, Field of View, Zurfin Fili, karkatar da TV, Hasken Dangantaka, MTF da sauransu.

Firikwensin Hoto

Na'urar firikwensin hoto firikwensin da ke gano da kuma isar da bayanai da ake amfani da su wajen yin hoto. Na'urar firikwensin ita ce mabuɗinModule ɗin Kyamaradomin tantance ingancin hoton. Ko kyamarar wayar salula ce ko kyamarar dijital, na'urori masu auna sigina suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. A yanzu haka, na'urar auna sigina ta CMOS ta fi shahara kuma ta fi rahusa fiye da na'urar auna sigina ta CCD.

Nau'in firikwensin - CCD vs CMOS

Firikwensin CCD - Fa'idodin CCD sune babban ƙarfin ji, ƙarancin hayaniya, da kuma babban rabon sigina zuwa hayaniya. Amma tsarin samarwa yana da rikitarwa, farashi mai yawa da amfani da wutar lantarki. Firikwensin CMOS - Fa'idar CMOS ita ce babban haɗinsa (haɗa AADC da mai sarrafa sigina, ana iya rage shi sosai), ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da ƙarancin farashi. Amma hayaniyar tana da girma, ƙarancin ƙarfin ji da kuma buƙatu masu yawa akan tushen haske.

DSP:

Ana kuma inganta sigogin siginar hoto na dijital ta hanyar amfani da jerin tsarukan lissafi masu rikitarwa. Mafi mahimmanci, ana aika sigina zuwa wurin ajiya, ko kuma ana iya aika su zuwa ga abubuwan nuni.

Tsarin tsarin DSP ya haɗa da

• Mai ba da sabis (ISP)
• Mai rubuta JPEG
• Mai sarrafa na'urar USB

Bambanci tsakanin na'urar kyamarar USB da na'urar firikwensin na'urar kyamara/na'urar kyamarar CMOS na'urar kyamarar USB 2.0:

Na'urar kyamarar USB 2.0 tana haɗa na'urar kyamara da na'urar ɗaukar bidiyo kai tsaye, sannan ta haɗu da tsarin HOST ta hanyar kebul na USB. Yanzu na'urar kyamarar dijital da ke kasuwar KAMARA ta dogara ne akan sabon tsarin watsa bayanai na USB2.0. Ana haɗa kwamfuta da sauran na'urorin hannu kai tsaye ta hanyar kebul na USB kawai suna haɗawa da kunnawa. Waɗannan na'urorin kyamarar UVC na korafin USB2.0 sun dace da software na Windows (DirectShow) da Linux (V4L2) kuma ba sa buƙatar direbobi.

• Na'urar Bidiyo ta USB (UVC)
• Matsakaicin bandwidth na watsawa na USB2.0 shine 480Mbps (watau 60MB/s)
• Mai sauƙi kuma mai araha
• Toshewa da kunnawa
• Babban jituwa da kwanciyar hankali
• Mafi girman kewayon aiki

Bayan an sarrafa shi ta hanyar software akan tsarin aiki na yau da kullun wanda ya dace da ƙa'idodin UVC, siginar dijital tana fitowa zuwa mai nunawa.

Module ɗin Kyamara na USB 3.0:

Kwatanta da na'urar kyamara ta USB 2.0, na'urar kunna kyamarar USB 3.0 don watsawa cikin sauri mafi girma, kuma USB 3.0 ya dace sosai da kebul na USB2.0.

• Matsakaicin bandwidth na watsawa na USB3.0 yana zuwa har zuwa 5.0Gbps (640MB/s)
• Ma'anar fil 9 idan aka kwatanta da kebul na USB2.0 fil 4
• Cikakken jituwa tare da USB 2.0
• Haɗin SuperSpeed

Module ɗin Kyamara na Cmos (CCM)

CCM ko Coms Camera Module kuma ana kiransa da Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Camera Module wanda ke da babban na'urarsa mai amfani ga aikace-aikace daban-daban kamar kayan aikin kyamara mai ɗaukuwa. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin kyamara na gargajiya, CCM tana da fasaloli da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da

• Rage Ragewa
• Ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki
• Babban hoto
• Maras tsada

Ka'idar aiki na module ɗin kyamarar USB

Ana haska hoton da wurin ya samar ta hanyar ruwan tabarau (LENS) a saman na'urar firikwensin hoto (SENSOR), sannan a mayar da shi siginar lantarki, wanda za a mayar da shi siginar hoto ta dijital bayan an canza A/D (Analog/Digital). Ana aika shi zuwa guntu na sarrafa dijital (DSP) don sarrafawa, sannan a aika shi zuwa kwamfuta ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta I/O don sarrafawa, sannan a iya ganin hoton ta hanyar nuni (DISPLAY).

Yadda ake gwada kyamarorin USB da CCM (module na kyamarar CMOS)? Kyamarar USB: (misali manhajar Amcap)

Mataki na 1: Haɗa kyamarar da kyamarar USB.

Mataki na 2: Haɗa kebul na USB zuwa PC ko wayar hannu ta hanyar adaftar OTG.

Amcap:

Bude AMCap kumaZaɓi tsarin kyamararka:

Zaɓi ƙudurin akan Zaɓi >> Pin Ɗaukar Bidiyo

Daidaita kyamarar gaba kamar Haske, Kwantiragi. Farin Balance.. akan Zaɓi>> Tace Ɗauki Bidiyo

Amcap yana ba ku damar ɗaukar hoto da bidiyo.

CCM:

CCM ya fi rikitarwa saboda hanyar haɗin yanar gizo ita ce MIPI ko DVP kuma an raba DSP da module ɗin, Amfani da allon adaftar Dothinkey da allon 'yar don gwadawa abu ne da aka saba gani a samarwa:

Allon adaftar Dothinkey:

haɗa tsarin kyamara tare da allon 'yar (pic-2).

Buɗe manhajar gwaji

Fahimtar tsari na musamman na module ɗin kyamara

Tare da ɗaruruwan dubban aikace-aikacen tsarin kyamara, daidaitattun kayan aikin kyamarar OEM ba za su iya biyan kowace takamaiman buƙata ba, don haka tsarin keɓancewa ya zo tare da buƙata da shahara, gyaran kayan aiki da firmware, gami da girman module, kusurwar kallon ruwan tabarau, nau'in mayar da hankali ta atomatik/mai gyarawa da matattarar ruwan tabarau, don ƙarfafa ƙirƙira.

Injiniyanci mara maimaitawa gaba ɗaya ya ƙunshi bincike, haɓakawa, da ƙira don samar da sabon samfuri; wannan kuma ya haɗa da farashin farko. Mafi mahimmanci, NRE kuɗi ne na lokaci ɗaya wanda za'a iya danganta shi da ƙira, ƙera sabon ƙira, ko kayan aiki. Wannan kuma ya haɗa da wani abu daban don sabon tsari. Idan abokin ciniki ya yarda da NRE, to mai samar da kayayyaki zai aika da zane don tabbatarwa bayan biyan kuɗi.

Gudun buƙatun musamman

1. Za ku iya bayar da zane ko samfura, da kuma neman takardu waɗanda ma'aikatan injiniyanmu suka tsara.
2. Sadarwa
3. Za mu yi muku bayani dalla-dalla domin tantance wani samfurin da kuke buƙata, sannan mu yi ƙoƙarin tsara muku samfurin da ya fi dacewa da buƙatunku.
4. Ƙirƙirar Samfura
5. Tantance cikakkun bayanai game da samfurin ci gaba da lokacin isarwa. Yi magana a kowane lokaci don tabbatar da ci gaba cikin sauƙi.
6. Gwajin Samfura
7. Gwaji da shekaru akan aikace-aikacenku, sakamakon gwajin ra'ayi, babu buƙatar gyarawa, yawan samarwa.

Tambayoyin da ya kamata ka yi kafin ka tsara tsarin kyamara Menene buƙatun?

Module na kyamarar USBDole ne ya kasance yana da waɗannan buƙatu. Su ne mafi mahimmancin abubuwan da ke ƙara haske da kyakkyawan ƙa'idar aiki. An ƙayyade abubuwan da aka haɗa ta hanyar haɗawa ta hanyar da'irar CMOS da CCD. Dole ne ya yi aiki bisa ga buƙatun mai amfani kuma yana aiki azaman zaɓi na kyamara mai sauƙin amfani. Zai haɗu da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke ƙara cikakkiyar mafita ga buƙatun kyamara don haɗin USB.

• Ruwan tabarau
• firikwensin
• DSP
• PCB

Wane ƙuduri kake so daga Kyamarar USB?

Resolution siga ce da ake amfani da ita don auna adadin bayanai a cikin hoton bitmap, wanda yawanci ake bayyana shi a matsayin dpi (digo a kowace inci). A taƙaice dai, ƙudurin kyamara yana nufin ikon kyamara na nazarin hoton, wato, adadin pixels na firikwensin hoton kyamara. Mafi girman ƙuduri shine girman ikon kyamara na warware hotuna a mafi girma, mafi girman adadin pixels a cikin kyamara. Yanzu ƙudurin CMOS na pixel 30W shine 640×480, kuma ƙudurin CMOS na 50W shine 800×600. Lambobi biyu na ƙuduri suna wakiltar raka'o'in adadin maki a tsayi da faɗin hoto. Rabon ɓangaren hoto na dijital yawanci shine 4:3.

A aikace-aikace na zahiri, idan ana amfani da kyamarar don tattaunawa ta yanar gizo ko taron bidiyo, gwargwadon girman ƙuduri, girman bandwidth ɗin hanyar sadarwa da ake buƙata. Saboda haka, masu amfani ya kamata su kula da wannan fanni, ya kamata su zaɓi pixel da ya dace da samfuransu gwargwadon buƙatunsu.

Fagen kallo (FOV)?

Kusurwar FOV tana nufin kewayon da ruwan tabarau zai iya rufewa. (Ba za a rufe abin da ruwan tabarau ya rufe ba idan ya wuce wannan kusurwar.) Ruwan tabarau na kyamara zai iya rufe wurare daban-daban, yawanci ana bayyana shi ta hanyar kusurwa. Wannan kusurwa ana kiranta ruwan tabarau FOV. Yankin da abin ya rufe ta hanyar ruwan tabarau a kan babban matakin don samar da hoto mai gani shine filin kallon ruwan tabarau. Ya kamata a yanke shawarar FOV ta hanyar yanayin aikace-aikacen, Girman kusurwar ruwan tabarau, faɗin filin kallo, da akasin haka.

Girman Kyamara don aikace-aikacen ku

Manyan sigogin da aka ƙididdige tare da tsarin kyamara sune girman, wanda ya fi bambanta ga buƙatu daban-daban

ya danganta da girma da tsarin gani. Yana da filin gani da tsawon mai da hankali don samun damar amfani da lissafin girman abu. Ya haɗa da tsawon mai da hankali na baya kuma ya haɗa da cikakken ruwan tabarau don tsari. Girman ruwan tabarau dole ne ya dace da aikace-aikacen ku kuma ya dogara da na al'ada. Diamita ya bambanta dangane da manyan na'urori masu auna firikwensin da kayan aikin da ke da murfin ruwan tabarau. Ya dogara da siffar vignetting ko duhu a kusurwar hotunan.

Tare da ɗaruruwan dubban aikace-aikacen tsarin kyamara, girman tsarin yana wakiltar abin da ya fi bambanta. Injiniyoyinmu suna da ikon haɓaka ainihin girman da zai fi dacewa da takamaiman aikinku.

EAU na samfuran

Farashin samfurin ya dogara ne akan ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Kyamarar USB mai ƙaramin EAU ba ta nuna a matsayin wacce aka keɓance ta musamman ba. Tare da buƙatun buƙata akai-akai da keɓancewa kamar ruwan tabarau, girma, firikwensin, da na'urar kyamara ta musamman ita ce mafi kyawun zaɓinku.

Zaɓar madaidaicin tsarin kyamara

Gabaɗaya, yawancin abokan ciniki za su mai da hankali kanmadaidaicin tsarin kyamarawanda ba za a taɓa sanin irin ruwan tabarau da ake buƙata don amfani da shi a nan ba. An yi amfani da adadi mai yawa na ka'idoji a nan don sanar da mutanen da za su zaɓi ruwan tabarau mai kyau da kuma zaɓar madaidaicin tsarin kyamara. Ruwan tabarau da za ku zaɓa zai dogara gaba ɗaya akan tsarin da za ku yi amfani da shi. Saboda hanyoyin daban-daban na firikwensin da DSP, da ruwan tabarau daban-daban, da tasirin hoton module ɗin kyamara suma sun bambanta. Ana iya amfani da wasu kyamarori a aikace-aikace daban-daban, amma wasu za a iya amfani da su ne kawai a wasu takamaiman aikace-aikace don samun mafi kyawun sakamakon hoto. Wasu kyamarori masu matakin tauraro na iya ɗaukar hotuna a cikin yanayin haske mai ƙarancin haske, amma a farashi mai tsada.

Tasirin da ya dace:

Idan an sanya kyamarar ko kyamarar a ofishinka ko ƙaramin ɗakin kwana, to tsawon fuska na 2.8mm ne kawai zai isa a wannan lokacin. Idan kana son shigar da kyamarar ko kyamarar a bayan gidanka, to lallai ne ya buƙaci tsawon fuska na 4mm zuwa 6mm. Tsawon fuska yana ƙaruwa tunda sarari ya fi girma. Za ka buƙaci tsawon fuska na 8mm ko 12mm sannan ka yi amfani da shi a masana'antarka ko titi domin sarari zai yi tsayi sosai.

Lokacin da kake son zaɓar na'urar kyamara don hasken NIR, to amsar da za a bayar a cikin na'urar kyamara za ta fi dacewa da kayan tabarau ko kayan firikwensin. Na'urorin firikwensin za su dogara ne da silicon gaba ɗaya kuma za su nuna ingantaccen martani ga hasken NIR ta hanya mafi ban mamaki. Idan aka kwatanta da haske mai gani ko 850nm, ƙarfin zai yi ƙasa sosai ga 940nm. Ko da yake ka sami wannan har yanzu za ka iya samun hoton yadda ya kamata. Mafi mahimmancin ra'ayi da ke cikin wannan tsari zai samar da isasshen haske ga kyamarar don manufar ganowa. Ba za ka taɓa sanin daidai lokacin da kyamarar za ta iya kunna ta kuma ta iya ɗaukar cikakken lokacin ba zai bambanta sosai. Don haka a wannan lokacin, za a aika siginar zuwa wani takamaiman matsayi kuma mutum zai iya zaɓar na'urar kyamara da ta dace.

Kammalawa

Daga tattaunawar da ke sama, tsarin kyamarar USB yana da ayyuka gabaɗaya kuma yana haɗuwa tare da tsarin zuƙowa ta atomatik. Mayar da hankali kan tsarin kyamarar USB yana da ruwan tabarau, tushen madubi, da'irar haɗin kai mai amsawa ga hotuna, da sauransu. Masu amfani dole ne su nemo bambanci tsakanin tsarin kyamarar USB da MIPI.

A Module ɗin kyamara na musammanya fi dacewa da haɓaka sabbin aikace-aikace. Domin tsarin kyamara na musamman zai iya zama tushen ginawa bisa ƙa'idodin da aka ƙayyade. Daga yanayin haɓaka kyamarar za mu iya koyo: Da farko, mafi girman pixel (miliyan 13, miliyan 16), firikwensin hoto mai inganci (CMOS), babban saurin watsawa (USB2.0, USB3.0, da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa masu sauri) kyamara za ta zama yanayin gaba; Na biyu, keɓancewa da ƙwarewa (ana amfani da su ne kawai azaman na'urar shigar da bidiyo ta ƙwararru), ayyuka da yawa (tare da wasu ayyuka, kamar flash drive mai rakiyar, yanayin zuwa kyamarorin dijital, ana iya tunanin cewa kyamara na iya samun aikin na'urar daukar hoto a nan gaba), da sauransu. Na uku, ƙwarewar mai amfani tana da mahimmanci, mafi sauƙin amfani, sauƙin amfani, kuma ƙarin ayyukan aikace-aikace masu amfani su ne ainihin buƙatun abokan ciniki.