Kyamarar MIPI da Kyamarar USB
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, hangen nesa mai hadewa ya samo asali daga kalmar "buzzword" zuwa fasahar da aka saba amfani da ita a fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu, likitanci, dillalai, nishaɗi, da noma. Tare da kowane mataki na juyin halittarsa, hangen nesa mai hadewa ya tabbatar da babban ci gaba a yawan hanyoyin sadarwa na kyamara da ake da su don zaba daga ciki. Duk da haka, duk da ci gaban fasaha, hanyoyin sadarwa na MIPI da USB sun kasance nau'ikan guda biyu mafi shahara ga yawancin aikace-aikacen hangen nesa mai hadewa.
Tsarin MIPI
MIPI (Haɗin Mai Sarrafa Wayar Salula) wani tsari ne na buɗewa kuma takamaiman bayani ne da MIPI Alliance ta fara don masu sarrafa aikace-aikacen wayar hannu.Modules na kyamarar MIPIAna samun su a wayoyin hannu da allunan hannu, kuma suna tallafawa ƙuduri mai girma na sama da pixels miliyan 5. An raba MIPI zuwa MIPI DSI da MIPI CSI, waɗanda suka dace da ƙa'idodin nunin bidiyo da shigarwar bidiyo, bi da bi. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da na'urorin kyamarar MIPI sosai a cikin wasu samfuran da aka haɗa, kamar wayoyin komai da ruwanka, na'urorin rikodin tuƙi, kyamarorin tilasta bin doka, ƙananan kyamarori masu girma, da kyamarorin sa ido na hanyar sadarwa.
MIPI Display Serial Interface (MIPI DSI ®) yana bayyana hanyar sadarwa mai sauri tsakanin mai sarrafawa mai masaukin baki da kuma na'urar nuni. Tsarin sadarwa yana bawa masana'antun damar haɗa nunin faifai don babban aiki, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da ƙarancin tsangwama na lantarki (EMI), yayin da yake rage adadin fil da kuma kiyaye jituwa tsakanin masu samar da kayayyaki daban-daban. Masu zane-zane na iya amfani da MIPI DSI don samar da kyakkyawan launi don yanayin hoto da bidiyo mafi wahala da kuma tallafawa watsa abubuwan da ke cikin sitiriyo.
MIPI ita ce hanyar sadarwa da aka fi amfani da ita a kasuwar yau don watsa hotuna da bidiyo tsakanin kyamarori da na'urorin watsa shirye-shirye. Ana iya danganta ta da sauƙin amfani da MIPI da kuma ikonta na tallafawa aikace-aikacen da ke da babban aiki. Hakanan tana zuwa da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi kamar 1080p, 4K, 8K da fiye da bidiyo da hotuna masu ƙuduri mai girma.
MIPI interface wani zaɓi ne mai kyau ga aikace-aikace kamar na'urorin gaskiya na kama-da-wane da aka ɗora kai, aikace-aikacen zirga-zirga mai wayo, tsarin gane motsin hannu, jiragen sama marasa matuƙa, gane fuska, tsaro, tsarin sa ido, da sauransu.
MIPI CSI-2 Interface
Tsarin MIPI CSI-2 (MIPI Serial Camera Interface 2nd Generation) tsari ne mai matuƙar aiki, mai araha, kuma mai sauƙin amfani. MIPI CSI-2 yana ba da matsakaicin bandwidth na 10 Gb/s tare da layukan bayanai guda huɗu na hoto - kowace layi tana da ikon canja wurin bayanai har zuwa 2.5 Gb/s. MIPI CSI-2 ya fi USB 3.0 sauri kuma yana da ingantaccen tsari don sarrafa bidiyo daga 1080p zuwa 8K da ƙari. Bugu da ƙari, saboda ƙarancin overload ɗinsa, MIPI CSI-2 yana da mafi girman bandwidth na hoto.
Tsarin MIPI CSI-2 yana amfani da ƙarancin albarkatu daga CPU - godiya ga na'urori masu sarrafawa da yawa. Shi ne tsarin kyamara na asali don Raspberry Pi da Jetson Nano. Tsarin kyamarar Raspberry Pi V1 da V2 suma an gina su akan sa.
Iyakokin MIPI CSI-2 Interface
Duk da cewa yana da ƙarfi da shahararriyar hanyar sadarwa, MIPI CSI tana zuwa da wasu ƙuntatawa. Misali, kyamarorin MIPI suna dogara ne akan ƙarin direbobi don yin aiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa akwai ƙarancin tallafi ga na'urori masu auna hoto daban-daban sai dai idan masana'antun tsarin da aka haɗa sun yi ƙoƙari sosai don yin hakan!
Fa'idodin MIPI:
Tsarin MIPI yana da layukan sigina kaɗan fiye da tsarin DVP. Saboda siginar bambancin ƙarancin wutar lantarki ce, tsangwamar da aka samar ƙarama ce, kuma ikon hana tsangwama shi ma yana da ƙarfi. 800W kuma sama da duka suna amfani da tsarin MIPI. Tsarin kyamarar wayar salula yana amfani da MIPI.
Yaya yake aiki?
Yawanci, allon da ke da matuƙar rikitarwa a tsarin hangen nesa yana goyan bayan MIPI CSI-2 kuma yana aiki tare da manyan hanyoyin firikwensin masu hankali. Bugu da ƙari, yana dacewa da allunan CPU daban-daban.
MIPI CSI-2 yana goyan bayan layin jiki na MIPI D-PHY don sadarwa zuwa ga mai sarrafa aikace-aikacen ko Tsarin akan Chip (SoC). Ana iya aiwatar da shi akan ɗayan layukan jiki guda biyu: MIPI C-PHY℠ v2.0 ko MIPI D-PHY℠ v2.5. Saboda haka, aikin sa yana da sauƙin daidaitawa.
A cikin kyamarar MIPI, na'urar firikwensin kyamara tana ɗaukar hoto kuma tana aika hoto zuwa mai masaukin baki na CSI-2. Lokacin da aka aika hoton, ana sanya shi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya azaman firam ɗin daban-daban. Ana aika kowane firam ta hanyoyin kama-da-wane. Sannan kowane tasha ana raba shi zuwa layuka - ana aika shi ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Saboda haka, yana ba da damar watsa cikakken hoto daga firikwensin hoto ɗaya - amma tare da kwararar pixel da yawa.
MIPI CSI-2 yana amfani da fakiti don sadarwa wanda ya haɗa da tsarin bayanai da aikin lambar gyara kurakurai (ECC). Fakiti ɗaya yana tafiya ta cikin layin D-PHY sannan ya raba zuwa adadin layukan bayanai da ake buƙata. D-PHY yana aiki a cikin yanayin sauri mai sauri kuma yana aika fakitin zuwa ga mai karɓa ta hanyar tashar.
Sannan, ana ba wa mai karɓar CSI-2 Layer na zahiri na D-PHY don cirewa da kuma fassara fakitin. Ana maimaita tsarin ta hanyar firam daga na'urar CSI-2 zuwa mai masaukin baki ta hanyar aiwatarwa mai inganci da araha.
Haɗin USB
TheKebul ɗin sadarwaYana aiki a matsayin mahaɗi tsakanin tsarin biyu - kyamara da PC. Tunda an san shi da iyawar toshe-da-wasa, zaɓar hanyar haɗin USB yana nufin cewa za ku iya yin bankwana da lokutan haɓakawa masu tsada, masu ɗorewa da kuma farashi don hanyar haɗin hangen nesa da aka haɗa. USB 2.0, tsohuwar sigar, tana da iyakokin fasaha masu mahimmanci. Yayin da fasahar ta fara raguwa, wasu sassanta ba su dace ba. An ƙaddamar da hanyoyin haɗin USB 3.0 da USB 3.1 Gen 1 don shawo kan iyakokin hanyar haɗin USB 2.0.
Haɗin kebul na USB 3.0 (da USB 3.1 Gen 1) ya haɗa kyawawan fasalulluka na hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban. Waɗannan sun haɗa da jituwa da plug-and-play da ƙarancin nauyin CPU. Matsayin masana'antu na hangen nesa na USB 3.0 kuma yana ƙara aminci ga kyamarori masu ƙuduri mai girma da sauri.
Yana buƙatar ƙaramin ƙarin kayan aiki kuma yana goyan bayan ƙarancin bandwidth - har zuwa megabytes 40 a daƙiƙa. Yana da matsakaicin bandwidth na megabytes 480 a daƙiƙa. Wannan ya fi sauri sau 10 fiye da USB 2.0 kuma ya fi GigE sau 4 sauri! Ƙarfin toshe-da-wasa yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya musanya na'urorin gani da aka saka cikin sauƙi - wanda hakan ke sa ya zama da sauƙi a maye gurbin kyamarar da ta lalace.
Iyakance na Haɗin USB 3.0
Babban rashin kyawun yanayiKebul na 3.0hanyar sadarwa ita ce ba za ka iya gudanar da na'urori masu auna ƙuduri mai girma a babban gudu ba. Wani koma-baya kuma shi ne cewa za ka iya amfani da kebul ne kawai har zuwa nisan mita 5 daga mai sarrafa na'urar. Duk da cewa akwai igiyoyi masu tsayi, duk an sanya su da "boosters". Yadda waɗannan igiyoyin ke aiki tare da kyamarorin masana'antu dole ne a duba su don kowane akwati.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-22-2023
